What Are Varicose Veins?

Arteries carry blood from the heart to the veins in the extremities. These veins have “one-way” valves. The veins carry the blood back to the heart. If the valves do not function well, the blood does not flow efficiently back to the heart. The veins become enlarged because they are congested with blood. These enlarged veins are commonly called varicose veins or spider veins. Varicose veins are larger distended veins that are located somewhat deeper than the spider veins. Spider veins are small, red, blue or purple veins on the surface of the skin.

Pain in the legs is frequently related to abnormal leg veins. Symptoms, often made worse by prolonged standing, include feelings of fatigue, heaviness, aching, burning, throbbing, itching, cramping, and restlessness of the legs. Leg swelling can occur. Severe varicose veins can compromise the nutrition of the skin and lead to eczema, inflammation or even ulceration of the lower leg.

Vein disorders are not always visible. Diagnostic techniques are important tools in determining the cause and severity of the problem. In addition to a physical examination, non-invasive ultrasound is often used. The vascular ultrasound is performed by an accredited laboratory.

What Causes Varicose Veins?

Heredity is the number one contributing factor for varicose and spider veins. Although many men suffer from abnormal leg veins, up to 50% of American women are affected. Hormonal factors such as puberty, pregnancy, the use of birth control, menopause, estrogen and progesterone affect this disease. It is very common for pregnant women to develop varicose veins during the first trimester. Pregnancy causes an increase in hormone levels and blood volume which causes the veins to enlarge. In addition, the enlarged uterus causes increased pressure on the veins. Varicose veins due to pregnancy often improve within 3 months after delivery. However, with successive pregnancies, abnormal veins are more likely to remain. Other factors for varicose veins and spider veins include aging, standing occupations, obesity, and leg injury.